Process of making ammonia, alkyl ammonia, or ammonia bases.



H. S. BLAGKMORE. PROCESS OF MAKING AMMONIA, ALKYL AMMONIA, 0R AMMONIA BASES.

APPLICATION FILED 1115.12.29, 1909.

Patented Nov. 1, 1910.

Shuentoz Wihwooeo HENRY SPENCER'BLACKMORE, IdIOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOE TO ROBERT E. ROBINSON AND DANIEL SPBUANCE, TRUSTEES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROCESS OF MAKING AMMONIA,

Original application filed November 23,

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY SPENCER Bmonnonn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Vernon, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Ammonia, kyl Ammonia, or Ammonia Bases, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to produce ammonia or other ammonium compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen,

and consists, in uniting or combining nitrogen with hydrogen, or hydrogen carbid, or substances containing the same, in a yielding state,-such as methane or natural gas, by the action of a form of energy by friction, attrition, or agitation of, or with, substances,

. such as mercury, communicating therewith,

and preferably a substance like mercury capable of amalgamating with ammonium, thereby augmenting the process of combination by its natural ailinity for ammonium and facilitating the union of nitrogen with hydrogen, or substances containing the same, by its contact action therewith, and further facilitating the union by assimilating or associating the mercury with calcium, palladium, etc., or similar metal having a nat-' ural affinity for hydrogen, thereby acting as an intermediary or carrier of hydrogen to the energized nitro en, being a division of an application filed 0v. 23, 1908, Serial No.

In carrying outmy invention for the production of ammonia and alkyl= ammonia,

such as methyl amin of the mono, di, or tri variety, i provide a receptacle containing mercury and subject it to rapid agitation by shaking or otherwise moving the same, or the 'mercury therein, andthen introducing into orthrough the agitated mercury nitrogen and hydrogen carbid, such .as methane or substances containing the same, such as natural gas, whereby the nitrogen is caused to combine or unite with the hydrogen of the carbid in the presence ofthe mercury forming uthe ammoniav (NI-1,),and alkylammonia or ammonia bases, some of which, together with a portion of the hydrogen, unites with the mercury producing ammonium amalgam, which maybe finally recovered as ammonia by heating the amalgam V Specification of Letters Patent.-

ALKYL AMMONIA, 0R AMMONIA BASES.

Patented Nov. 1, 1910.

1908, Serial No. 463,980. Divided and this application filed March. 29, 1909, Serial No. 486,390.

so formed. By introducing the nitrogen and hydrogen in a heated condition, either individually or collectively, the formation of ammonia is facilitated and the formation of ammonimum amalgam is largely prevented, or by heating the mercury before or during the passage therethrough of the nitrogen and hydrogen, this result is also.

attained. 7

It can be seen that the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen or hydrogen carbid can be continuously performed by passing a current of nitrogen and hydrogen through the agitated mercury, preferably heated, and the ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases thus formed, collected or recovered by passing the resultant gaseous product into or through an absorbent agent, such as water, or preferably acidulated water, such as dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, in which case ammonium sulfate or chlorid is produced, or it may be secured in any other convenient manner.

Instead of passing the nitrogen and hydrogen carbid through agitated mercury, I can atomize the mercury with a blast of compressed nitrogen and hydrogen carbid or cause the substances to be rapidly associated or agitated in any convenient manner.

I find it of advantage to employ mercury containing calcium, the latter of which as- ,sists or facilitates'the union of nitrogen and hydrogen of hydrogen carbid by absorbing the hydrogen at ordinary temperatures, transiently forming intermediately, socalled, calcium hydrid, which is broken up into ammonia by action of the nitrogen, which with hydrogen forming ammonium amalgam. Particles of metallic calcium, or so-called calcium hydrid, may be employed instead of or without mercury, but it is found that the presence of mercury is greatly advantageous, as it facilitates the action of the calcium or similar contact substance at ordinary temperatures and also prevents the action of calcium on the lining or walls of the container, especially if it be of glass or-enamel. Exposing nitrogen and hydroen carbid to the action of agitated combining' agents while under pressure also increases the yield of ammonia and is 'a preferred way of introducing tlivgases.

under pressure; upon the subsidence of said hot blast, the gases to a large degree will be found to have combined, formin ammonia, which can be absorbed, collecte or recovered in any convenient manner. I find it,

' however, of advantage to employ contact,

' low tem erature and rom which it can be 4 that by .rapid completing and brea agitating, or frictional; substances which have a natural afiiuit for ammonium at readily iberated by simply elevating the temperature, such as mercury, or mercury and calcium. p Y

' In employing mercury or amalgams as agitating or combining agents, it Is found passing a current of electricity the metal during agitation with the nitrogen and hydrogen that union and formation of ammonia, allryl-ammonia, orammonia bases,"is further facilitated by the numerous electric sparks produced by the ing of the electric currentc rcuit throughoutthe mass during agitation,;which'means is preferably employed 'forthe additional feature of heatmg the mercury for liberating any ammonia which may, with nitrogen, have formed an amalgam during the progress of the process. Instead of agitating the mercury or other combinin agent mechanically, it can be agithrong Y tated by orcing a rapid stream of nitro en and hydrogen carbid, or other fluid or so id,

provided wit through or in contact with the same.

In the accompanying drawin s, I have illustrated an-apparatus especial y adapted for carrying out my new and improved process, and in which Fi ml, is approximately a vertical, longitu inal section; Fig. 2, a transverse section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a similar section on line 33 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4, a horizontal, longitudinal section on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Re erring to the several views, the v numeral 1 indicates a rotatable rectangular vessel or receptacle, having one of its ends a circular chamber 2, the axial center of which is at one of the corners of said vessel, where it is provided with a-hollow journal arm 3, communicating with said chamber, and the other end of the vessel is provided, at the corner diagonall opp0-' site the arm 3, with a similar ]0l1m8 arm 4, in communication with said vessel, the vessel being journaled in suitable standards or supports 5, 5, The outerend of the journal arm 3 is closed by a stuffing-box 6, and passing through an insulting section '7, in said stufling-box and a similar sectiop' 8,

inner end terminatin sion 18, within the c amber 2. The inletin the partition 9,'between the vessel and the chamber 2, is an inlet-pipe 10, terminating at its outer end in branches ll jand' 12, each branch being provided with a regulating valve 13, the inner end of the inlet-pipe 10, within the vessel, terminates in a coil 14, closed at the end and provided with a plurality of small perforated projections 15, the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. "Also passing through the stuflingox 3, is a discharge-pipe 16, having its outer end provided with a valve 17, and its in a vertical extenpipe is provided with a ipe 19 carrying a pressure gage 20, toindicate the pressure, said ipe 19 being provided with a valve 21, and tie inlet-pipe 1s provided with a checkvalve 22, to prevent back pressure.

The outer end. of the journal-arm ,4, is

closed by a stufiing-box 23, .and'passin through. an insulated section '24, in sai stuffing-box are inlet and outlet-pipes 25 .and

26, respectively, of a heating or cooling coil 27, situated within the vessel. The inletpipe 27, is provided with avalve 28, and the outlet-pipe with a valve 29. The journal-arm 4, is provided with a gear-wheel 30, which meshes with' a pinion 31, mounted-on a drive-shaft 32, by means of which the vessel is rotated.

The vessel is provided with a charging hole 33, closed by a cap 34, which is secured firmly in place by a screw 35, and is fluid tig ht by means of a asket 36. The vessel is also provided with a discharge-pipe 38, controlled b a valve'39, and an orifice 40, in the partition 9, affords communication between the vessel and the chamber 2. The chamber 2 is provided with a valve-controlled discharge-pipe 41.

The inlet-pipe 10, is connected by a wire 42, with the positive pole of a suitable electrical source of supply, (not shown), and the inlet and discharge-pipes 25 and 26, are connected by wires 43 and 44, respectively, with the othertor negative pole of said electricalsource of su ply, each pipe having its inner section suitably insulated from the outer section, as indicated at a, b, c.

As a concrete example of this process and the manner in which it is carried out in combination with the apparatus above described, the formation of ammonia and methyl amin from free nitrogen and methane, or substances containing the same such as natural gas through the initiation o mercury or quicksilver will be taken. Mercury is introduced into the vessel 1, through the opening 33, until it reaches ap roximately a evel communicating wit the reticulated ipe 27, at which time the opening is close The coil 27, is brought into electrical communication with one terminal of a generator, or other source of supply,

- tion approximately two of the'former to.

.maintaining the mercury, communicating therewith, at a temperature approximately sixty degrees F.', or below, '1'. c at or below ordinary atmospheric temperature. Nitrogen gas is then supplied through pipe 11, and methane or natural as through pipe 12, by opening the respective valves 13, said valves beingso adjusted, with reference to the gas pressures, that a" mixture of nitrogen and methane or natural gas in proporfour of the latter, by volume, is caused to be forced through the checlevalve 22, into the vessel 1, through the perforations 15, at a pressure approximately fifty pounds, which pressure is ascertained by the gage 21.

- As the mixture of nitrogen andhydrogen earbid, methane, or natural gas is introduced into vessel 1, the said vessel is caused to revolve rapidly bymeans of the gearing, thereby causing the mercury therein to be rapidly tumbled, oscillated, and agitated in contact or in communication'ivith the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, in such a manner that the frictional or attritional effeetthereof causes the nitrogen and hydrogen of the hydrogen carbid to combine, and in the presence of an excess of hydrogen, to temporarily. unite with the mercury, producing so-called ammonium amalgam; the combining of the nitrogen and hydrogen, in the presence of mercury, being augmented by the action of electricity passing between the coils 27 and 14, in a rapidly interrupted manner, by the action of the falling, dashing. or agitated particles of mercury passing through or between the fixed coils in the revolving vessel 1. The mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen is continually and gradually forced into the Jrevolving'vessel'in order to maintain a pressure there-in of approximately sixty pounds, in order .to compensate for the condensation and absorption occurring in said vessel during the formation-of aniinoniacal substances, and absorption or union. of the same with or by the. mercury. 'lhenitrogen and hydrogen cal-bid. methane or natural gas is supplied to the apparatus in .this manner for about threehours, when it is cut off by closing the respective valves 13. The refrigerating fluid is then discharged from the coil 27, by blowing the 's'anieout, and said coil is then caused to communicate with a steam-supply, not

shown. the heat of whichelevates the temperature of the ammoniiu'n amalgam, and causes it to decompose or dissociate, liberating 40, into the chamber 2, from which it is discharged through the pipe or duct 15. and 16, on opening the valve 17, and from thence conveyed to a suitable reservoir, or absorbing or combining chamber, not shown, and after the separation of the ammonia and -alkyl-annnonia from the associated hydrogen, the said hydrogen may be recovered in any convenient manner for future use.

After exposing the substances in vessel 1, to

the action of heat and electricity, during this second stage of the process for about one hour, the larger portion of the available ammonia and tllliYl-illilIL'lOlllil will be found to have been discharged, at which time the valve 17, is closed, the steam discharged from coil 27, the revolution of the apparatus stopped, and the contents of the vessel 1, cooled by again passing the'refrigerating fluid through coil 27. When the temperature of the mercury in vessel 1 has been reduced, by thus cooling,.to a temperature approximately sixty degrees F., or below, more nitrogen and hydrogen is introduced by opening valves 13 the vessel 1 re-' volved and the process continued as before. It 18 found advantageous to add to, or

amalgamate with the mercury'certain substances of so-called contact or catalytic nature, capable of facilitating the union of nitrogen and hydrogen of hydrogen carbidt to form or produce ammonia and alkyl-ainmonia, or transiently ammonium amalgam, such as calcium. By liquefying metal, such as calcium, at ordinary temperatures, having in a heated state an aflinity for nitrogen and assimilating nature, such as mercury, with.

which it forms an amalgam, together with hydrogen, and from which it can be finally eliminated by dissociation or decomposing the amalgam by the action of heat.

Such metals as calcium having an atfinity, in a heated state, for nitrogen, hydrogen, or both,when liquefied by the action of other substances, at ordinary temperatures, and especially when associated with substances capable of unitin with compounds of nitrogen and by rogen,

such as mercury, in the formation of mercury amalgam, are found to act with supe- T101 avidity 1n the fixation of nitrogen and hydrogen, and-formatlon ofcompounds or compositions thereof without the assistance of heat from an extraneous or other source than is attained or obtained by the employelectricity, I do not desire to confine myself to anyparticular form or character of elec monia employed herein, with reference to' tricity, but intend to include any and all characters or forms which may be selectively adaptable to any particular case, or the pro-' duction of any particular product, be it a frictional, pulsatmg, alternating, polyphase, of high or low tension, or otherwise. Neither do I desire to confine myself to the formation of ammonia, but intend to include and do include the application of th'e'herein described process for the fixation of nitrogen with hydrogen, per se or hydrogen compounds, or com os1tions,b momacal, azoical, i-azoical, or other form of or character of nitrogenydro en containing com ounds, be they simp e, com pound, comp ex, or polymeric in nature, or .m which the nitrogen may exist (in combination at any possib e atomicit -The terms ammoniaca and amsubstances capable of .uniting therewith,

have reference to hydr en ammonid, or socalled ammonium, (N as well as ammonia per se, and the esi ation of substances associated therewith, with which it 5 will combine, to elements, compounds or compositions, such, for instance, as mercury and hydrogen, as a substance capable of uniting w1th ammonia, formmg mercuryhydrogen ammonid, or ammonium amalgam.

.The formation of ammoniacal com ounds or compositions, in accordance. wi I this process, may be carried on under reduced, or increased pressure, or both, and by the action of heat or refrigeration and the energy supplied. to cause the union of the elements or substances to roduce the product desired,

may be derived rom a source of heat, light;

electricity, radio-activity, or other form, without departing from the spir1t or scope of my invention.

I which ordinari It should be noted that an atmosphere of hydrogen containing nitrogen enough to form ammonium, is of such low denslty as to be looked upon, or produce a condition y results, when mercury is agitated in rarefied atmosphere, when such mercury is agitated with the lighter gases, such as nitrogen containin h drogen largely in excess of volume, suc as our volumes of hydrogen to one of nitrogen. Instead of employing mercury, which is fluid at ordinary temperature, as a medium for supplying energyand formin compounds contalning nitrogen and by rogtn,

can em loy molten metals, such as lea ,br

' alloys *0 selective melting point, such as e they of am-' neutralizing agents may be a fusible metal, without departing from the spirit or scope of m invention.

I have found 'it o advanta to augment the'process of synthetically ormin nitrogen -hydrogen -.con taining compou'n s from and its issociation and decomposition, or.

evolution, is enhanced, and its recovery -m a free, or utilizable condition, facilitated.

The n trogen-hydrogen compound thus obtained, in gaseous or othera-fo'rm, can then be secured in the form of suitable salts or compounds by combining the same with'suitable,

a ents,. which acids, solvents, or neutralizing ka me in some cases, where-the nitrogen-hydrogen-containing compound obtained. is of more or less ac1d character, such ,as azoic, hydrocy'anic acid {etc 1 When em-ployin hydrogen in a yiel ing or combining condition, such as methane, methyl ammonias are substances containing I produced, such as methylamin, dimethylamin, trimethylamin, or methyl ammonium compounds or compositions may be formed. The preferable form of hydrogen containing substance such 'as methane, eing natura gas, which in some cases contains'as high as ninety-six per cent. (96%) methane.

By employing-such substances as methane or natural gas, nitrogen may be fixed in such a manner as to form compounds or salts with suitable acids, which are valuable as fertiliz-. ing agents. Other alkyl' hydrids ma also be substituted for methyl hydrid (met ane) producing correspondingly high alkyL-ammonium compounds, without departin from the s irit of my invention. Other hy rogen carbid, or hydrogen carbon compounds, such as h drocarbons, ma be substituted for alkylhy ride or araflin ydrocarbons, such as olefins, acety enes, etc., so long as. the hydrogen is present in such a form or condltion as to unite with or take on nitrogen in the formation of ammonia bases .or polymers or condensation, or transforms tion products, or educts thereof.

. Having now described my in'vent-i on what I claim 1s 1. Process of making ammonia, allryling state, causing constituents thereof to umte, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere" l craves and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

2. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen-contalmng compounds, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to ammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hy-' drogen-containing compounds, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance .capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

4. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen-containing compounds, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacalsubstances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance.

5. Process of making ammonia alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen carbid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

6. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen Ctll'bld, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance.

7. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen carbid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances. a .8. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen carbid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and :underpressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting withammoniaeal substances, and.

augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance.

9. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting. with ammoniacal substances.

10. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance.

11. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

12. Process of making, ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy' to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance. 7

13. Process of making ammonia, ,alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nltrogen and methyl-hydrid, in a. yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting wlth ammoniacal' substances.

14. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and methyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, eausmg constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting w th ammoniacal. substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance.

15. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comprises supplying ener to mtrogen and methyl-hydrid, in a yle ding state, causing 1 constituents thereof to unite, while n a. non

atmosphere and under pressure oxidizing1 e presence of a substance capable and in t of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

16. Process of makin ammonia alwlammonia, or ammonia ases, whie comuse ' rises su lying contact su stance.

, ammonia, or ammonia ammonia, or ammonia 7 energy to nitrogen and methyl-by nd,1n a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite,while in a nonoxidizin atmosphere and under pressure and in tire presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmentin the union by the action of a 17. Process of makin ammonia, alkyl ammonia, or ammonia ases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and natural as, causing constituents thereof to unite, w ile in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances.

18. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and natural s, causing constituents .thereof to unite, w ile in a non-oxidizing atmosphere natural as, causing constituents thereof to unite, w ile in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammonical substances, and augmenting the union by the;;act1on of a contact substance.

21. Process of makin ammonia, ,alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comrises supplying energy to nitrogen and ydrogen-contaming compounds, in ayieldandm the presence of a substance capable of uniting'with ammoniacal substances and augmenting theunion by the action of electricity.

22. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which com rises supplying energy to v nitrogen and ydrogen-containing com ounds, in a yieldmg state, causing constituents thereof to unite, $711110 in a non-oxidizing atmosphere an'ftiinthe presence of a substance capable of? uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmentin the union by the action of a contact an stance and electricity.

23. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comrises supplying energy to nitrogen and hydrogen-containing compounds, in a yieldunion by the action" 0 ing state, causing constituents thereof to, ,unlte while in anon-oxidizing atmosphere unite, while in non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammonia= cal substances, and au enting the union by the action of electrlcity.

24. Process of makin "ammonia, alkylammonia, orammonial b ses, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and ydrogen-containing compounds, in a yielding state, causing. constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere ping" state, causing constituents thereof to and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting w1th ammoniacal substances, and augmentin the union by the action of a contact su stance and e ec tricity. '25. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comprises supplyin energy to nitrogen and ydrogen carbi ,in a ieldmg state causing constituents thereo to unite, whl ein a non-oxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of electricity. 26. Process of making) ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, whichcomrises. supplyin energy to nitrogen and ydrogen carbitl, in a yielding state causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non oxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a-substance capable of unitin with ammoniacal substances and augmenting the K a contact substance and electricity; .27. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ases, which comenergy to nitrogen and rises supplym' liydrogencarbii in a yielding. state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure-andinthe presence of a substance capaw ble of uniting with ammoniacal substances and au entmg the unionby the action of. electriclty 28. Process of makingiammonia, alkyl- I ammonia, or ammonia prises supplyiuig energy .to nitrogen andydrogen earbi; in a.-.yie ldingstate, causing constltuents thereof unite, while in a nonoxidizin atmosphereand under pressure and in t e presence of a substance capable ases, which comof uniting with ammoniacal substances, and

augmenting the union by the actionof a contact substance and electricity.

29. Process of makin ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia ia prises supplying ener i to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a 'yie ding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with amses, which co'm-' moniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of electricity.

7 40 34. Process of making ammonia, alkyl- 30. Process of mziking) ammonia, alkyl- 1 uniting with ammoniacal substances, and i n monia, olr ammonia d prises su yin ener to nitrogen an alkyl-hydi id, in a yielding state, causing 5 constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, andaugmenting the union by the action of a contact substance 1 1 0 and electricity.

31. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying' energy to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidiZing atmosphere and under, pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ainmoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of elec- 2o tricity.

32. Process of 'making ammonia, all xylammonia, or ammonia bases, which com-i ',.prises supplying energy to nitrogen and alkyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance and electricity.

' 33. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and methyl-hydrid, in a yielding state, causing .35 constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of electricity;

ammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energv to nitrogen and methyl-hydrid, 1n a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance and electricity.

35. Process of makin .ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia %&S6S, which comprises sup lying ener to nitrogen and methyl-by rid, in a yie dingstate, .causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of ses, which comammonia, or ammonia tr'icity. v

'36. Process of makin ammonia, alkylases, which comprises sup lying energy to nitrogen and methyl-hy rid, in a yielding state, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a nonaugmenting the union by the action of elecoxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the resence of a substance capable of uniting 'Wltll ammoniacal substances, and

augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance and electricity.

37. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and natural as,.caus1ng constituents thereof to unite, w ile in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and' augmenting the union by the action of electricity.

. 38. Process of making ammoniafalkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and natural gas, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance and electricity.

39. Process of makin ammonia alk l-- ammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to nitrogen and natural gas, causing constituents thereof to unite, While in a non-bxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable \Df uniting with ammonia'cal substances, and augmenting the union by the act-ion of electricity.

40. Process of making ammonia, alkylammonia, or ammonia bases, which comprises supplying energy to mtrogen and natural gas, causing constituents thereof to unite, while in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and under pressure and in the presence of a substance capable of uniting with ammoniacal substances, and augmenting the union by the action of a contact substance and electricity.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY SPENCER BLAOKMORE. Witnesses: ,7 I

H. N. JENKINS, F. A. MILLIGAN. 

